1. Beretta GD, Pessi MA, Poletti P, Mosconi S, Labianca R. New drugs and combinations in the palliative treatment of colon and rectal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2001;27:595-600.
2. Burnet FM. The concept of immunological surveillance. Prog Exp Tumor Res 1970;13:1-27.
3. Ko EC, Wang X, Ferrone S. Immunotherapy of malignant diseases. Challenges and strategies. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;132:294-309.
4. Normanno N, Bianco C, Strizzi L, Mancino M, Maiello MR, De Luca A, Caponigro F, Salomon DS. The ErbB receptors and their ligands in cancer: an overview. Curr Drug Targets 2005;6:243-57.
5. Khademi B, Shirazi FM, Vasei M, Doroudchi M, Gandomi B, Modjtahedi H, Pezeshki AM, Ghaderi A. The expression of p53, c-erbB-1 and c-erbB-2 molecules and their correlation with prognostic markers in patients with head and neck tumors. Cancer Lett 2002;184:223-30.
6. Brabender J, Danenberg KD, Metzger R, Schneider PM, Park J, Salonga D, Holscher AH, Danenberg PV. Epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2-neu mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer Is correlated with survival. Clin Cancer Res 2001;7:1850-5.
7. Holbro T, Civenni G, Hynes NE. The ErbB receptors and their role in cancer progression. Exp Cell Res 2003;284:99-110.
8. Nicholson RI, Gee JM, Harper ME. EGFR and cancer prognosis. Eur J Cancer 2001;37 Suppl 4:S9-15.
9. Pal SK, Pegram M. Epidermal growth factor receptor and signal transduction: potential targets for anti-cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2005;16:483-94.
10. Crombet T, Torres L, Neninger E, Catala M, Solano ME, Perera A, Torres O, Iznaga N, Torres F, Perez R, Lage A. Pharmacological evaluation of humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor, monoclonal antibody h-R3, in patients with advanced epithelial-derived cancer. J Immunother 2003;26:139-48.
11. Mesa C, De Leon J, Rigley K, Fernandez LE. Very small size proteoliposomes derived from Neisseria meningitidis: an effective adjuvant for Th1 induction and dendritic cell activation. Vaccine 2004;22:3045-52.
12. Mesa C, de Leon J, Fernandez LE. Very small size proteoliposomes derived from Neisseria meningitidis: An effective adjuvant for generation of CTL responses to peptide and protein antigens. Vaccine 2006;24:2692-9.
13. Lu Y, Wei YQ, Tian L, Zhao X, Yang L, Hu B, Kan B, Wen YJ, Liu F, Deng HX, Li J, Mao YQ, et al. Immunogene therapy of tumors with vaccine based on xenogeneic epidermal growth factor receptor. J Immunol 2003;170:3162-70.
14. Hu B, Wei Y, Tian L, Zhao X, Lu Y, Wu Y, Yao B, Liu J, Niu T, Wen Y, He Q, Su J, et al. Active antitumor immunity elicited by vaccine based on recombinant form of epidermal growth factor receptor. J Immunother 2005;28:236-44.
15. Dupuis M, Denis-Mize K, Woo C, Goldbeck C, Selby MJ, Chen M, Otten GR, Ulmer JB, Donnelly JJ, Ott G, McDonald DM. Distribution of DNA vaccines determines their immunogenicity after intramuscular injection in mice. J Immunol 2000;165:2850-8.
16. Conry RM, Curiel DT, Strong TV, Moore SE, Allen KO, Barlow DL, Shaw DR, LoBuglio AF. Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine encoding carcinoembryonic antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen in colorectal carcinoma patients. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2782-7.
17. Holbro T, Hynes NE. ErbB receptors: directing key signaling networks throughout life. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;44:195-217.
18. Ullrich A, Coussens L, Hayflick JS, Dull TJ, Gray A, Tam AW, Lee J, Yarden Y, Libermann TA, Schlessinger J, et al. Human epidermal growth factor receptor cDNA sequence and aberrant expression of the amplified gene in A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells. Nature 1984;309:418-25.
19. Alroy I, Yarden Y. The ErbB signaling network in embryogenesis and oncogenesis: signal diversification through combinatorial ligand-receptor interactions. FEBS Lett 1997;410:83-6.
20. Riese DJ, 2nd, Stern DF. Specificity within the EGF family/ErbB receptor family signaling network. Bioessays 1998;20:41-8.
21. Harris RC, Chung E, Coffey RJ. EGF receptor ligands. Exp Cell Res 2003;284:2-13.
22. Anklesaria P, Teixido J, Laiho M, Pierce JH, Greenberger JS, Massague J. Cellcell adhesion mediated by binding of membrane-anchored transforming growth factor alpha to epidermal growth factor receptors promotes cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:3289-93.
23. Domagala T, Konstantopoulos N, Smyth F, Jorissen RN, Fabri L, Geleick D, Lax I, Schlessinger J, Sawyer W, Howlett GJ, Burgess AW, Nice EC. Stoichiometry, kinetic and binding analysis of the interaction between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the extracellular domain of the EGF receptor. Growth Factors 2000;18:11-29.
24. Cohen S. Isolation of a mouse submaxillary gland protein accelerating incisor eruption and eyelid opening in the new born animal. J Biol Chem 1962;237:1555-62.
25. Gregory H. Isolation and structure of urogastrone and its relationship to epidermal growth factor. Nature 1975;257:325-7.
26. Harari D, Tzahar E, Romano J, Shelly M, Pierce JH, Andrews GC, Yarden Y. Neuregulin-4: a novel growth factor that acts through the ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Oncogene 1999;18:2681-9.
27. Kinugasa Y, Ishiguro H, Tokita Y, Oohira A, Ohmoto H, Higashiyama S. Neuroglycan C, a novel member of the neuregulin family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;321:1045-9.
28. Stroop CJ, Weber W, Gerwig GJ, Nimtz M, Kamerling JP, Vliegenthart JF. Characterization of the carbohydrate chains of the secreted form of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. Glycobiology 2000;10:901-17.
29. Ullrich A, Schlessinger J. Signal transduction by receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Cell 1990;61:203-12.
30. Ogiso H, Ishitani R, Nureki O, Fukai S, Yamanaka M, Kim JH, Saito K, Sakamoto A, Inoue M, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S. Crystal structure of the complex of human epidermal growth factor and receptor extracellular domains. Cell 2002;110:775-87.
31. Garrett TP, McKern NM, Lou M, Elleman TC, Adams TE, Lovrecz GO, Zhu HJ, Walker F, Frenkel MJ, Hoyne PA, Jorissen RN, Nice EC, et al. Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor alpha. Cell 2002;110:763-73.
32. Ferguson KM, Berger MB, Mendrola JM, Cho HS, Leahy DJ, Lemmon MA. EGF activates its receptor by removing interactions that autoinhibit ectodomain dimerization. Mol Cell 2003;11:507-17.
33. Lemmon MA, Bu Z, Ladbury JE, Zhou M, Pinchasi D, Lax I, Engelman DM, Schlessinger J. Two EGF molecules contribute additively to stabilization of the EGFR dimer. Embo J 1997;16:281-94.
34. Cummings RD, Soderquist AM, Carpenter G. The oligosaccharide moieties of the epidermal growth factor receptor in A-431 cells. Presence of complex-type N-linked chains that contain terminal N-acetylgalactosamine residues. J Biol Chem 1985;260:11944-52.
35. Slieker LJ, Lane MD. Post-translational processing of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Glycosylation-dependent acquisition of ligand-binding capacity. J Biol Chem 1985;260:687-90.
36. Defize LH, Arndt-Jovin DJ, Jovin TM, Boonstra J, Meisenhelder J, Hunter T, de Hey HT, de Laat SW. A431 cell variants lacking the blood group A antigen display increased high affinity epidermal growth factor-receptor number, protein-tyrosine kinase activity, and receptor turnover. J Cell Biol 1988;107:939-49.
37. Bazley LA, Gullick WJ. The epidermal growth factor receptor family. Endocr Relat Cancer 2005;12 Suppl 1:S17-27.
38. Dibb NJ, Dilworth SM, Mol CD. Switching on kinases: oncogenic activation of BRAF and the PDGFR family. Nat Rev Cancer 2004;4:718-27.
39. Sweeney C, Carraway KL, 3rd. Ligand discrimination by ErbB receptors: differential signaling through differential phosphorylation site usage. Oncogene 2000;19:5568-73.
40. van der Geer P, Pawson T. The PTB domain: a new protein module implicated in signal transduction. Trends Biochem Sci 1995;20:277-80.
41. Burgess AW, Cho HS, Eigenbrot C, Ferguson KM, Garrett TP, Leahy DJ, Lemmon MA, Sliwkowski MX, Ward CW, Yokoyama S. An open-and-shut case? Recent insights into the activation of EGF/ErbB receptors. Mol Cell 2003;12:541-52.
42. Boerner JL, Danielsen A, Maihle NJ. Ligand-independent oncogenic signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor: v-ErbB as a paradigm. Exp Cell Res 2003;284:111-21.
43. Koch CA, Anderson D, Moran MF, Ellis C, Pawson T. SH2 and SH3 domains: elements that control interactions of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Science 1991;252:668-74.
44. Garrett TP, McKern NM, Lou M, Elleman TC, Adams TE, Lovrecz GO, Kofler M, Jorissen RN, Nice EC, Burgess AW, Ward CW. The crystal structure of a truncated ErbB2 ectodomain reveals an active conformation, poised to interact with other ErbB receptors. Mol Cell 2003;11:495-505.
45. Prenzel N, Fischer OM, Streit S, Hart S, Ullrich A. The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification. Endocr Relat Cancer 2001;8:11-31.
46. Rubin Grandis J, Melhem MF, Gooding WE, Day R, Holst VA, Wagener MM, Drenning SD, Tweardy DJ. Levels of TGF-alpha and EGFR protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:824-32.
47. Niu G, Wright KL, Huang M, Song L, Haura E, Turkson J, Zhang S, Wang T, Sinibaldi D, Coppola D, Heller R, Ellis LM, et al. Constitutive Stat3 activity up-regulates VEGF expression and tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2002;21:2000-8.
48. Carpenter G. ErbB-4: mechanism of action and biology. Exp Cell Res 2003;284:66- 77.
49. Elenius K, Choi CJ, Paul S, Santiestevan E, Nishi E, Klagsbrun M. Characterization of a naturally occurring ErbB4 isoform that does not bind or activate phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase. Oncogene 1999;18:2607-15.
50. Wells A. Tumor invasion: role of growth factor-induced cell motility. Adv Cancer Res 2000;78:31-101.
51. Quantin B, Breathnach R. Epidermal growth factor stimulates transcription of the c-jun proto-oncogene in rat fibroblasts. Nature 1988;334:538-9.
52. Olayioye MA, Beuvink I, Horsch K, Daly JM, Hynes NE. ErbB receptor-induced activation of stat transcription factors is mediated by Src tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem 1999;274:17209-18.
53. Cutry AF, Kinniburgh AJ, Krabak MJ, Hui SW, Wenner CE. Induction of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogene expression by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha is calcium-independent. J Biol Chem 1989;264:19700-5.
54. Biswas DK, Cruz AP, Gansberger E, Pardee AB. Epidermal growth factor-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation: A major pathway of cell-cycle progression in estrogenreceptor negative breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:8542-7.
55. Hendler FJ, Ozanne BW. Human squamous cell lung cancers express increased epidermal growth factor receptors. J Clin Invest 1984;74:647-51.
56. Perez R, Pascual M, Macias A, Lage A. Epidermal growth factor receptors in human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1984;4:189-93.
57. Dassonville O, Formento JL, Francoual M, Ramaioli A, Santini J, Schneider M, Demard F, Milano G. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and survival in upper aerodigestive tract cancer. J Clin Oncol 1993;11:1873-8.
58. Lockhart C, Berlin JD. The epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for colorectal cancer therapy. Semin Oncol 2005;32:52-60.
59. Zhau HY, Chang SM, Chen BQ, Wang Y, Zhang H, Kao C, Sang QA, Pathak SJ, Chung LW. Androgen-repressed phenotype in human prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:15152-7.
60. Liu XH, Wiley HS, Meikle AW. Androgens regulate proliferation of human prostate cancer cells in culture by increasing transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-alpha receptor. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:1472-8.
61. Neal DE, Marsh C, Bennett MK, Abel PD, Hall RR, Sainsbury JR, Harris AL. Epidermal-growth-factor receptors in human bladder cancer: comparison of invasive and superficial tumours. Lancet 1985;1:366-8.
62. Tan X, Egami H, Ishikawa S, Nakagawa M, Ishiko T, Kamohara H, Hirota M, Ogawa M. Relationship between activation of epidermal growth factor receptor and cell dissociation in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2004;25:1303-9.
63. Gullick WJ, Marsden JJ, Whittle N, Ward B, Bobrow L, Waterfield MD. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors on human cervical, ovarian, and vulval carcinomas. Cancer Res 1986;46:285-92.
64. Salomon D, Brandt R, Ciardiello F, Normanno N. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995;19:183-232.
65. Normanno N, Bianco C, De Luca A, Maiello MR, Salomon DS. Target-based agents against ErbB receptors and their ligands: a novel approach to cancer treatment. Endocr Relat Cancer 2003;10:1-21.
66. Turkeri LN, Erton ML, Cevik I, Akdas A. Impact of the expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha, and epidermal growth factor receptor on the prognosis of superficial bladder cancer. Urology 1998;51:645-9.
67. Chow NH, Liu HS, Lee EI, Chang CJ, Chan SH, Cheng HL, Tzai TS, Lin JS. Significance of urinary epidermal growth factor and its receptor expression in human bladder cancer. Anticancer Res 1997;17:1293-6.
68. Grandis JR, Chakraborty A, Zeng Q, Melhem MF, Tweardy DJ. Downmodulation of TGF-alpha protein expression with antisense oligonucleotides inhibits proliferation of head and neck squamous carcinoma but not normal mucosal epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 1998;69:55-62.
69. Fischer-Colbrie J, Witt A, Heinzl H, Speiser P, Czerwenka K, Sevelda P, Zeillinger R. EGFR and steroid receptors in ovarian carcinoma: comparison with prognostic parameters and outcome of patients. Anticancer Res 1997;17:613-9.
70. Akslen LA, Myking AO, Salvesen H, Varhaug JE. Prognostic impact of EGFreceptor in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1993;68:808-12.
71. Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nat Med 2004;10:789-99.
72. Cahill DP, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Lengauer C. Genetic instability and darwinian selection in tumours. Trends Cell Biol 1999;9:M57-60.
73. Xue C, Wyckoff J, Liang F, Sidani M, Violini S, Tsai KL, Zhang ZY, Sahai E, Condeelis J, Segall JE. Epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression results in increased tumor cell motility in vivo coordinately with enhanced intravasation and metastasis. Cancer Res 2006;66:192-7.
74. El-Obeid A, Bongcam-Rudloff E, Sorby M, Ostman A, Nister M, Westermark B. Cell scattering and migration induced by autocrine transforming growth factor alpha in human glioma cells in vitro. Cancer Res 1997;57:5598-604.
75. Seth D, Shaw K, Jazayeri J, Leedman PJ. Complex post-transcriptional regulation of EGF-receptor expression by EGF and TGF-alpha in human prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer 1999;80:657-69.
76. Hsieh ET, Shepherd FA, Tsao MS. Co-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-alpha is independent of ras mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2000;29:151-7.
77. Morris GL, Dodd JG. Epidermal growth factor receptor mRNA levels in human prostatic tumors and cell lines. J Urol 1990;143:1272-4.
78. Yonemura Y, Takamura H, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Tsugawa K, Kaji M, Nakai Y, Ohoyama S, Yamaguchi A, Miyazaki I. Interrelationship between transforming growth factoralpha and epidermal growth factor receptor in advanced gastric cancer. Oncology 1992;49:157-61.
79. Umekita Y, Ohi Y, Sagara Y, Yoshida H. Co-expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and transforming growth factor-alpha predicts worse prognosis in breastcancer patients. Int J Cancer 2000;89:484-7.
80. Mendelsohn J, Baselga J. The EGF receptor family as targets for cancer therapy. Oncogene 2000;19:6550-65.
81. Tian XX, Lam PY, Chen J, Pang JC, To SS, Di-Tomaso E, Ng HK. Antisense epidermal growth factor receptor RNA transfection in human malignant glioma cells leads to inhibition of proliferation and induction of differentiation. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1998;24:389-96.
82. Wu X, Fan Z, Masui H, Rosen N, Mendelsohn J. Apoptosis induced by an antiepidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line and its delay by insulin. J Clin Invest 1995;95:1897-905.
83. Rodeck U, Jost M, Kari C, Shih DT, Lavker RM, Ewert DL, Jensen PJ. EGF-R dependent regulation of keratinocyte survival. J Cell Sci 1997;110 ( Pt 2):113-21.
84. Lui VW, Grandis JR. EGFR-mediated cell cycle regulation. Anticancer Res 2002;22:1-11.
85. Gilmore AP, Valentijn AJ, Wang P, Ranger AM, Bundred N, O'Hare MJ, Wakeling A, Korsmeyer SJ, Streuli CH. Activation of BAD by therapeutic inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and transactivation by insulin-like growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 2002;277:27643-50.
86. Grandis JR, Drenning SD, Zeng Q, Watkins SC, Melhem MF, Endo S, Johnson DE, Huang L, He Y, Kim JD. Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling abrogates apoptosis in squamous cell carcinogenesis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:4227-32.
87. Maity A, Pore N, Lee J, Solomon D, O'Rourke DM. Epidermal growth factor receptor transcriptionally up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human glioblastoma cells via a pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and distinct from that induced by hypoxia. Cancer Res 2000;60:5879-86.
88. Hirata A, Ogawa S, Kometani T, Kuwano T, Naito S, Kuwano M, Ono M. ZD1839 (Iressa) induces antiangiogenic effects through inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Cancer Res 2002;62:2554-60.
89. Shiqing L, Schmitz K, Jeffrey P, Wiltzius J. Structural basis for inhibition of the EGFR by cetuximab. Cancer Cell 2005;7:301-11.
90. Naramura M, Gillies SD, Mendelsohn J, Reisfeld RA, Mueller BM. Therapeutic potential of chimeric and murine anti-(epidermal growth factor receptor) antibodies in a metastasis model for human melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1993;37:343-9.
91. Systems-ImClone, Erbitux (Cetuximab). US Prescribing Information. ImClone System, 2004.
92. Xiong HQ, Rosenberg A, LoBuglio A, Schmidt W, Wolff RA, Deutsch J, Needle M, Abbruzzese JL. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, in combination with gemcitabine for advanced pancreatic cancer: a multicenter phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:2610-6.
93. Lynch TJ, Lilenbaum R, Bonomi P, Ansari R, Govindan R, Janne PA, al. e. A phase II trial of cetuximab as therapy for recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2004.
94. Rosell R, Daniel C, Ramlau R, Szczesna A CM, Mennecier B, et al. Randomized phase II study of cetuximab in combination with cisplatin (C) and vinorelbine (V) vs. CV alone in the first-line treatment of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- expressing advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2004.
95. Bonner JA, Giralt J, Harari PM, Cohen R JC, Sur RK, et al. Cetuximab prolongs survival in patients with locoregionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: a phase III study in high dose radiation therapy with or without cetuximab. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2004.
96. Lacouture ME. Mechanisms of cutaneous toxicities to EGFR inhibitors. Nat Rev Cancer 2006;6:803-12.
97. Mateo C, Moreno E, Amour K, Lombardero J. Humanization of a mouse monoclonal antibody that blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor: recovery of antagonistic activity. Immunotechnology 1997;3:71-81.
98. Viloria-Petit A, Crombet T, Jothy S, Hicklin D, Bohlen P, Schlaeppi JM, Rak J, Kerbel RS. Acquired resistance to the antitumor effect of epidermal growth factor receptorblocking antibodies in vivo: a role for altered tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Res 2001;61:5090-101.
99. Crombet T, Osorio M, Cruz T, Roca C, del Castillo R, Mon R, Iznaga-Escobar N, Figueredo R, Koropatnick J, Renginfo E, Fernandez E, Alvarez D, et al. Use of the humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody h-R3 in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1646-54.
100. Crombet T, Figueredo J, Catala M, González S, Selva J, Cruz T, Toledo C, Silva S, Pestano5 Y, Ramos1 M, Leonard1 I, Torres1 O, et al. Treatment of High-Grade Glioma Patients with the Humanized Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Antibody h-R3. Cancer Biology & Therapy 2006;5:375-9.
101. Yang X, Jia X, Corvalan J, Wang P, Davis CG, Jakobovits A. Eradication of established tumors by a fully human monoclonal antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor without concomitant chemotherapy. . Cancer Res 1999;59:1236-43.
102. Tyagi P. Recent results and ongoing trials with panitumumab (ABX-EGF), a fully human anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody, in metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2005;5:21-3.
103. Amato RJ. Renal cell carcinoma: review of novel single-agent therapeutics and combination regimens. Ann Oncol 2005;16:7-15.
104. Tiseo M, Loprevite M, Ardizzoni A. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: a new prospective in the treatment of lung cancer. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2004;4:139-48.
105. Graeven U, Kremer B, Sudhoff T, Killing B, Rojo F, Weber D, Tillner J, Unal C, Schmiegel W. Phase I study of the humanised anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody matuzumab (EMD 72000) combined with gemcitabine in advanced pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 2006;94:1293-9.
106. Negri DR, Tosi E, Valota O, Ferrini S, Cambiaggi A, Sforzini S, Silvani A, Ruffini PA, Colnaghi MI, Canevari S. In vitro and in vivo stability and anti-tumour efficacy of an anti-EGFR/anti-CD3 F(ab')2 bispecific monoclonal antibody. Br J Cancer 1995;72:928-33.
107. Curnow RT. Clinical experience with CD64-directed immunotherapy. An overview. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1997;45:210-5.
108. Pfister D, Lipton A, Belt R, al. e. A phase I trial of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-directed bispecific antibody (BsAB) MDX-447 in patients with solid tumors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1999;18:433a.
109. Goldstein J, Graziano RF, Sundarapandiyan K, Somasundaram C, Deo YM. Cytolytic and cytostatic properties of an anti-human Fc gammaRI (CD64) x epidermal growth factor bispecific fusion protein. J Immunol 1997;158:872-9.
110. Ciardiello F, Caputo R, Bianco R, Damiano V, Pomatico G, De Placido S, Bianco AR, Tortora G. Antitumor effect and potentiation of cytotoxic drugs activity in human cancer cells by ZD-1839 (Iressa), an epidermal growth factor receptor-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:2053-63.
111. Sirotnak FM, Zakowski MF, Miller VA, Scher HI, Kris MG. Efficacy of cytotoxic agents against human tumor xenografts is markedly enhanced by coadministration of ZD1839 (Iressa), an inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase. Clin Cancer Res 2000;6:4885-92.
112. Ferry D, Hammond L, Rason M, al. e. Phase Intermittent oral ZD1839 (Iressa), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), shows evidence bof good tolerability and activity: Final results from a phase I study. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000;19.
113. Nakawama K, Yamamoto N, Kudoh S, al. e. A phase I intermittent doseescalation trial of ZD1839 (Iressa) in Japanese patients with solid malignant tumors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000;19.
114. Baselga J, Herbst R, LoRusso P, al. e. Continuous administration of ZD1839 (Iressa), a novel oral epidermalgrowth facto receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), in patients with five selected tumor types: Evidence of activity and good tolerability. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000;19:686.
115. Kris MG NR, Herbst RS, et al. A phase II trial of ZD1839 (Iressa) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had failed platinium- and docetaxel- based regimens (IDEAL 2). Prom Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21.
116. Giaccone G, Johnson D, Manegold C, chucho. A phase III trial of ZD1839 (Iressa) in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with advances non-small-cell lung cancer (INTACT 1). Ann Oncol 2002;5:40.
117. Johnson D, Herbst R, Giaccone G, al. e. ZD1839 (Iressa) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with advances non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Result from a phase III clinical trial (INTACT 2). Ann Oncol 2002;5:468.
118. Miller V, Johnson D, Heelan R, al. e. A pilote trial demonstrates the safety of ZD1839 (Iressa), an oral epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFRTIK), in combination with carboplatin (C) and paclitaxel (P) previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prom Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001;20:326a.
119. Giaccone G, Gonzales-Larriba J, EM S. ZD1839 (Iressa), an orally-active, selective, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is well tolerated in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, in patients with advances solid tumours: Preliminary tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics results. Eur J Cancer 2001;37:102.
120. Paez JG, Janne PA, Lee JC, Tracy S, Greulich H, Gabriel S, Herman P, Kaye FJ, Lindeman N, Boggon TJ, Naoki K, Sasaki H, et al. EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science 2004;304:1497-500.
121. Janne PA, Gurubhagavatula S, Yeap BY, Lucca J, Ostler P, Skarin AT, Fidias P, Lynch TJ, Johnson BE. Outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with gefitinib (ZD1839, "Iressa") on an expanded access study. Lung Cancer 2004;44:221-30.
122. Townsley CA, Major P, Siu LL, Dancey J, Chen E, Pond GR, Nicklee T, Ho J, Hedley D, Tsao M, Moore MJ, Oza AM. Phase II study of erlotinib (OSI-774) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2006;94:1136-43.
123. Tang PA, Tsao MS, Moore MJ. A review of erlotinib and its clinical use. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006;7:177-93.
124. Zhang M, Zhang X, Bai C, Chen J WM. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor expression by RNA interference in A549 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2004;25:61-7.
125. Kang CS, Zhang ZY, Jia ZF, Wang GX, Qiu MZ, Zhou HX, Yu SZ, Chang J, Jiang H, Pu PY. Suppression of EGFR expression by antisense or small interference RNA inhibits U251 glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther 2006;13:530-8.
126. Noonberg SB, Benz CC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor subfamily: role as anticancer agents. Drugs 2000;59:753-67.
127. Fitzgerald D. Why toxins! Semin Cancer Biol 1996;7:87-95.
128. Uckun FM, Narla RK, Zeren T, Yanishevski Y, Myers DE, Waurzyniak B, Ek O, Schneider E, Messinger Y, Chelstrom LM, Gunther R, Evans W. In vivo toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and anticancer activity of Genistein linked to recombinant human epidermal growth factor. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:1125-34.
129. Shao ZM, Wu J, Shen ZZ, Barsky SH. Genistein inhibits both constitutive and EGF-stimulated invasion in ER-negative human breast carcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Res 1998;18:1435-9.
130. Sampson JH, Crotty LE, Lee S, Archer GE, Ashley DM, Wikstrand CJ, Hale LP, Small C, Dranoff G, Friedman AH, Friedman HS, Bigner DD. Unarmed, tumor-specific monoclonal antibody effectively treats brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:7503-8.
131. González G, Pardo OL, Sánchez B, García JL, Beausoleil I, Marinello P GY, Domarco A, Guillén G, Pérez R, Lage A. Induction of immune recognition of self epidermal growth factor (EGF) II: characterization of the antibody response and the use of a fusion protein. Vaccine Research 1997;6:91-100.
132. Mulet A, Garrido G, Alvarez A, Menendez T, Bohmer FD, Perez R, Fernandez LE. The enlargement of the hormone immune deprivation concept to the blocking of TGFalpha-autocrine loop: EGFR signaling inhibition. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006;55:628-38.
133. Ciesielski MJ, Kazim AL, Barth RF, Fenstermaker RA. Cellular antitumor immune response to a branched lysine multiple antigenic peptide containing epitopes of a common tumor-specific antigen in a rat glioma model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005;54:107-19.
134. Heimberger AB, Crotty LE, Archer GE, Hess KR, Wikstrand CJ, Friedman AH, Friedman HS, Bigner DD, Sampson JH. Epidermal growth factor receptor VIII peptide vaccination is efficacious against established intracerebral tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:4247-54.
135. Kuan CT, Wikstrand CJ, Bigner DD. EGF mutant receptor vIII as a molecular target in cancer therapy. Endocr Relat Cancer 2001;8:83-96.
136. Lage A, Perez R, Fernandez LE. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: at midway between immunology and pharmacology. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2005;5:611-27.
137. Smyth MJ, Godfrey DI, Trapani JA. A fresh look at tumor immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. Nat Immunol 2001;2:293-9.
138. Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu Rev Immunol 1994;12:991-1045.
139. Berzofsky JA, Terabe M, Oh S, Belyakov IM, Ahlers JD, Janik JE, Morris JC.
140. Progress on new vaccine strategies for the immunotherapy and prevention of cancer. J Clin Invest 2004;113:1515-25.
141. O'Garra A, Vieira P. Regulatory T cells and mechanisms of immune system control. Nat Med 2004;10:801-5.
142. Alexandroff AB, Jackson AM, O'Donnell MA, James K. BCG immunotherapy of bladder cancer: 20 years on. Lancet 1999;353:1689-94.
143. Duda RB, Yang H, Dooley DD, Abu-Jawdeh G. Recombinant BCG therapy suppresses melanoma tumor growth. Ann Surg Oncol 1995;2:542-9.
144. Brunner C, Seiderer J, Schlamp A, Bidlingmaier M, Eigler A, Haimerl W, Lehr HA, Krieg AM, Hartmann G, Endres S. Enhanced dendritic cell maturation by TNF-alpha or cytidine-phosphate-guanosine DNA drives T cell activation in vitro and therapeutic antitumor immune responses in vivo. J Immunol 2000;165:6278-86.
145. Jeannin P, Renno T, Goetsch L, Miconnet I, Aubry JP, Delneste Y, Herbault N, Baussant T, Magistrelli G, Soulas C, Romero P, Cerottini JC, et al. OmpA targets dendritic cells, induces their maturation and delivers antigen into the MHC class I presentation pathway. Nat Immunol 2000;1:502-9.
146. Jakob T, Walker PS, Krieg AM, Udey MC, Vogel JC. Activation of cutaneous dendritic cells by CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides: a role for dendritic cells in the augmentation of Th1 responses by immunostimulatory DNA. J Immunol 1998;161:3042-9.
147. Martin-Orozco E, Kobayashi H, Van Uden J, Nguyen MD, Kornbluth RS, Raz E. Enhancement of antigen-presenting cell surface molecules involved in cognate interactions by immunostimulatory DNA sequences. Int Immunol 1999;11:1111-8.
148. Tsuji S, Matsumoto M, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Azuma I, Hayashi A, Toyoshima K, Seya T. Maturation of human dendritic cells by cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin: involvement of toll-like receptors. Infect Immun 2000;68:6883-90.
149. Goldmann O, Rohde M, Medina E. Phagocytosis of bacille Calmette-Guerininfected necrotic macrophages induces a maturation phenotype and evokes antigenpresentation functions in dendritic cells. Immunology 2002;107:500-6.
150. Basu S, Binder RJ, Suto R, Anderson KM, Srivastava PK. Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver a partial maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NF-kappa B pathway. Int Immunol 2000;12:1539-46.
151. Colaco CA. Towards a unified theory of immunity: dendritic cells, stress proteins and antigen capture. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1998;44:883-90.
152. Hoos A, Levey DL. Vaccination with heat shock protein-peptide complexes: from basic science to clinical applications. Expert Rev Vaccines 2003;2:369-79.
153. Heath WR, Carbone FR. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation by cross-priming. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:314-8.
154. Nestle FO, Alijagic S, Gilliet M, Sun Y, Grabbe S, Dummer R, Burg G, Schadendorf D. Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide- or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat Med 1998;4:328-32.
155. Sauter B, Albert ML, Francisco L, Larsson M, Somersan S, Bhardwaj N. Consequences of cell death: exposure to necrotic tumor cells, but not primary tissue cells or apoptotic cells, induces the maturation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells. J Exp Med 2000;191:423-34.
156. Udono H, Srivastava PK. Heat shock protein 70-associated peptides elicit specific cancer immunity. J Exp Med 1993;178:1391-6.
157. Sierra GV, Campa HC, Varcacel NM, Garcia IL, Izquierdo PL, Sotolongo PF, Casanueva GV, Rico CO, Rodriguez CR, Terry MH. Vaccine against group B Neisseria meningitidis: protection trial and mass vaccination results in Cuba. NIPH Ann 1991;14:195-207; discussion 8-10.
158. Bjune G, Hoiby EA, Gronnesby JK, Arnesen O, Fredriksen JH, Halstensen A, Holten E, Lindbak AK, Nokleby H, Rosenqvist E, et al. Effect of outer membrane vesicle vaccine against group B meningococcal disease in Norway. Lancet 1991;338:1093-6.
159. Ambrosino DM, Bolon D, Collard H, Van Etten R, Kanchana MV, Finberg RW. Effect of Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide outer membrane protein complex conjugate vaccine on macrophages. J Immunol 1992;149:3978-83.
160. Perez O, Bracho G, Lastre M, Mora N, del Campo J, Gil D, Zayas C, Acevedo R, Gonzalez D, Lopez JA, Taboada C, Solis RL. Novel adjuvant based on a proteoliposomederived cochleate structure containing native lipopolysaccharide as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern. Immunol Cell Biol 2004;82:603-10.
161. Lowell GH, Smith LF, Seid RC, Zollinger WD. Peptides bound to proteosomes via hydrophobic feet become highly immunogenic without adjuvants. J Exp Med 1988;167:658-63.
162. Livingston PO, Calves MJ, Helling F, Zollinger WD, Blake MS, Lowell GH. GD3/proteosome vaccines induce consistent IgM antibodies against the ganglioside GD3. Vaccine 1993;11:1199-204.
163. Steeghs L, Kuipers B, Hamstra HJ, Kersten G, van Alphen L, van der Ley P. Immunogenicity of outer membrane proteins in a lipopolysaccharide-deficient mutant of Neisseria meningitidis: influence of adjuvants on the immune response. Infect Immun 1999;67:4988-93.
164. Rodriguez T, Perez O, Menager N, Ugrinovic S, Bracho G, Mastroeni P. Interactions of proteoliposomes from serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis with bone marrowderived dendritic cells and macrophages: adjuvant effects and antigen delivery. Vaccine 2005;23:1312-21.
165. Al-Bader T, Jolley KA, Humphries HE, Holloway J, Heckels JE, Semper AE, Friedmann PS, Christodoulides M. Activation of human dendritic cells by the PorA protein of Neisseria meningitidis. Cell Microbiol 2004;6:651-62.
166. Wetzler LM, Ho Y, Reiser H, Wetzler LW. Neisserial porins induce B lymphocytes to express costimulatory B7-2 molecules and to proliferate. J Exp Med 1996;183:1151-9.
167. Estevez F, Carr A, Solorzano L, Valiente O, Mesa C, Barroso O, Sierra GV, Fernandez LE. Enhancement of the immune response to poorly immunogenic gangliosides after incorporation into very small size proteoliposomes (VSSP). Vaccine 1999;18:190-7.
168. Guthmann MD, Bitton RJ, Carnero AJ, Gabri MR, Cinat G, Koliren L, Lewi D, Fernandez LE, Alonso DF, Gomez DE, Fainboim L. Active specific immunotherapy of melanoma with a GM3 ganglioside-based vaccine: a report on safety and immunogenicity. J Immunother 2004;27:442-51.
169. Carr A, Mazorra Z, Alonso DF, Mesa C, Valiente O, Gomez DE, Perez R, Fernandez LE. A purified GM3 ganglioside conjugated vaccine induces specific, adjuvantdependent and non-transient antitumour activity against B16 mouse melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Melanoma Res 2001;11:219-27.
170. Stern LJ, Wiley DC. Antigenic peptide binding by class I and class II histocompatibility proteins. Structure 1994;2:245-51.
171. Traversari C, van der Bruggen P, Luescher IF, Lurquin C, Chomez P, Van Pel A, De Plaen E, Amar-Costesec A, Boon T. A nonapeptide encoded by human gene MAGE-1 is recognized on HLA-A1 by cytolytic T lymphocytes directed against tumor antigen MZ2-E. J Exp Med 1992;176:1453-7.
172. Rosenberg SA, Yang JC, Schwartzentruber DJ, Hwu P, Marincola FM, Topalian SL, Restifo NP, Dudley ME, Schwarz SL, Spiess PJ, Wunderlich JR, Parkhurst MR, et al. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Nat Med 1998;4:321-7.
173. Berzofsky JA. Epitope selection and design of synthetic vaccines. Molecular approaches to enhancing immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of engineered vaccines. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993;690:256-64.
174. Rivoltini L, Squarcina P, Loftus DJ, Castelli C, Tarsini P, Mazzocchi A, Rini F, Viggiano V, Belli F, Parmiani G. A superagonist variant of peptide MART1/Melan A27-35 elicits anti-melanoma CD8+ T cells with enhanced functional characteristics: implication for more effective immunotherapy. Cancer Res 1999;59:301-6.
175. Brinkman JA, Fausch SC, Weber JS, Kast WM. Peptide-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2004;4:181-98.
176. Accapezzato D, Visco V, Francavilla V, Molette C, Donato T, Paroli M, Mondelli MU, Doria M, Torrisi MR, Barnaba V. Chloroquine enhances human CD8+ T cell responses against soluble antigens in vivo. J Exp Med 2005;202:817-28.
177. Ramakrishna V, Treml JF, Vitale L, Connolly JE, O'Neill T, Smith PA, Jones CL, He LZ, Goldstein J, Wallace PK, Keler T, Endres MJ. Mannose receptor targeting of tumor antigen pmel17 to human dendritic cells directs anti-melanoma T cell responses via multiple HLA molecules. J Immunol 2004;172:2845-52.
178. Miconnet I, Koenig S, Speiser D, Krieg A, Guillaume P, Cerottini JC, Romero P. CpG are efficient adjuvants for specific CTL induction against tumor antigen-derived peptide. J Immunol 2002;168:1212-8.
179. Hanna N, Hariharan K. Development and application of PROVAX adjuvant formulation for subunit cancer vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1998;32:187-97.
180. Sheikh NA, Attard GS, van Rooijen N, Rajananthanan P, Hariharan K, Yang YW, Morrow WJ. Differential requirements for CTL generation by novel immunostimulants: APC tropism, use of the TAP-independent processing pathway, and dependency on CD80/CD86 costimulation. Vaccine 2003;21:3775-88.
181. Dela Cruz JS, Lau SY, Ramirez EM, De Giovanni C, Forni G, Morrison SL, Penichet ML. Protein vaccination with the HER2/neu extracellular domain plus anti- HER2/neu antibody-cytokine fusion proteins induces a protective anti-HER2/neu immune response in mice. Vaccine 2003;21:1317-26.
182. Wang YC, Sashidharamurthy R, Nagarajan S, Selvaraj P. B7-1-HSA (CD80- CD24), a recombinant hybrid costimulatory molecule retains ligand binding and costimulatory functions. Immunol Lett 2006;105:185-92.
183. Margalit A, Sheikhet HM, Carmi Y, Berko D, Tzehoval E, Eisenbach L, Gross G. Induction of antitumor immunity by CTL epitopes genetically linked to membrane-anchored beta2-microglobulin. J Immunol 2006;176:217-24.
184. PEREZ PEREZ, Roidel, FAJARDO PEREZ, Mario y ORLANDI GONZALEZ, Nivaldo. El cáncer de próstata: un desafío constante para el Médico de Familia. Rev Cubana Med Gen Integr, sep.-oct. 2002, vol.18, no.5, p.343-348. ISSN 0864-2125.
185. Christopher P. Tarassoff, Philip M. Arlen, James L. Gulley. Therapeutic Vaccines for Prostate Cancer. The Oncologist 2006;11:451–462.
186. Philip M. Arlen, Ravi A. Madan, James W. Hodge, Jeffrey Schlom, James L. Gulley. Combining vaccines with conventional therapies for cancer. Update on cancer therapeutics 2 0 0 7, 33–39.
187. Bada A, Casacó Parada A, Arteaga M, et al. Toxicity of a GM3 cancer vaccine in Macaca fascicularis monkey: a 12-month study. Human and Exp Toxicol 21: 263-267, 2002.